2023 U.S. History Scene, all rights reserved. He is blamed for high food prices, accused of hurting small farmers and of playing politics with malnutrition and hunger and he is charged with disrupting the nation's foreign policy. Earl Butz, who died on Saturday aged 98, served as US Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford and courted scandal by telling offensive jokes; he was eventually . He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Agriculture in 1932, and then a doctorate in Agricultural Economics in 1937. 0000018904 00000 n . In 1973, he reduced the number of acres set aside or taken out of grain production from 25 million acres in 1972 to 7.4 million acres in 73. <]>> 0000009377 00000 n accessLinx is a boutique multimedia production company that communicates your business's messgae with clarity and impact. Butz was assistant secretary of agriculture from 1954 to 1957, during the Eisenhower administration. [16], The reference in Time was to John Dean's article published in Rolling Stone issue #223. Earl Lauer "Rusty"[1] Butz was a United States government official who served as Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. His policies favored large-scale corporate farming and an end to New Deal programs. He died in his sleep, a quiet end for a man whose career shook the earth, causing untold acres to succumb to the plow. Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973. Feb. 3, 2008 12 AM PT. I fear he may be right. Instagram, Follow us on Now lets face it, they are. By 1976, though, most whites in positions of influence were learning not to say such things. On the other hand, heavy exports can lead to. Meanwhile, interest rates had spiked, making all of those loans farmers had taken out in the 70s into a paralyzing burden. The deal came at the same time as the Nixon administration was trying to ease tensions between the worlds two super powers (at that time) and to bolster U.S. farm income to help win that years presidential election. "Get big or get out," Butz told farmers in 1973, and boy, did they. Butz drastically changed federal agricultural policy and re-engineered many New Deal-era farm support . Facebook, Follow us on 0000044615 00000 n 0000044995 00000 n Butz and the department hierarchy appear equally unconcerned over the plight of Southern poultry farmers, who have in effect become employees of the large feed processing companies. During his leadership from 1964 to 1982, Premier Leonid Brezhnev made it official Soviet policy to maintain steady growth in the livestock industry. 0000014845 00000 n 0000055830 00000 n 0000054094 00000 n 0000029494 00000 n He envisioned a hyper-efficient, centralized food system, one that could profitably and cheaply feed the world by manipulating (or adding value to) mountains of Midwestern corn and soy. But the man likes confrontation, and uses it to disarm his critics. It gives farmers access to consistent income. 0000047170 00000 n 0000041553 00000 n Earl Lauer Butz was born near Albion, Indiana, on July 3, 1909. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A nonprofit, independent media organization dedicated to telling stories of climate solutions and a just future. Butz resigned within days, saying that "the use of a bad racial commentary in no way reflects my real attitude." Earl Lauer Butz was born on a farm near Albion, Ind., on July 3, 1909, and grew up guiding horse-drawn plows. He exhorted farmers to ``plant fence row to fence row'' to meet global demand, helping to drive down surging food costs. Nixons response culminated in the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973, which Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz called an historic turning point in the philosophy of farm programs in the United States. 22Better known as the 1973 farm bill, the act ceased to pay farmers to plant their land in accordance to supply and demand, and began subsidizing crops by the bushel to reward production. 0000055231 00000 n Known as one of the greenest commercial buildings in the world, since it opened its doors on Earth Day in 2013 the Bullitt Center has been setting a new standard for sustainable design. naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/CAT87210025/PDF, Bittman, Mark, Dont End Agricultural Subsidies, Fix Them., United States v. Butler. Legal Information Institute. Butz was vice president of what has become the American Agricultural Economics Association (1948), and he was . 0000012251 00000 n To improve westward migration, President James Monroe passed the Land Act of 1820, lowering the price of land per acre, which facilitated the settlement of 3.5 million acres. At height of the so-called Green Revolution and firmly in the Cold War mindset, he was referring to the American policy of fighting famine worldwide to defend against political unrest and the spread of communism. 0000047333 00000 n 0000043664 00000 n "Federal Farm Policies Hit". With the grain reserve hollowed out and the drought impeding the 1973 harvest, grain prices jumped and farmers scrambled to plant as much as they could to take advantage. 0000050911 00000 n 0000070881 00000 n As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. He does acknowledge, however, that his policy will work only if the United States remains grain exporter to the world. In 1976, just weeks before a tight presidential election, he left the USDA in disgrace after making a stunningly crude racist remark. the World Food Crisis of the early 1970s gave Butz the chance to promote the false notion that free markets would be good for farmers. I mustadmit that this interpretation, which eluded me for 34 years, is much more in keeping with a sense of humor animated by the loose-shoes joke and by a sculpture of two copulating elephants. 0000047891 00000 n document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); In addition to providing lifelong history lovers, teachers, and students free access to premier digital research, the editors and writers of U.S. History Scene are available for freelance or consulting work. Earl L. Butz, Self: King Corn. He plunged a pitchfork into New Deal agricultural policies that sought to protect farmers from the big agribusiness companies whose interests he openly pushed. Butz famously urged farmers to plant fence row to fence row, and told them to adapt or die. 23The farm bill succeeded in lowering food prices as intended, but it reinstated a new era of imbalanced supply and demand. 0000052925 00000 n 0000011491 00000 n High Agriculture Department officials began refusing to answer questions relating to grain sales to Russia and to Eastern European countries, saying sareastically that the diplomats had taken over. And so he got caught in a paradigm shift. Exports sustained high grain prices, leading the United States Department of Agriculture to describe the years between 1910 and 1914 as the golden age of farming. 10.How . )(_C*h-$L=]|OjI:+UzJ3? 19Dubbed the Great Grain Robbery, food prices in America soared. Butz was furious. When the conversation turned to politics, Boone, a right-wing Republican, asked Butz why the party of Lincoln was not able to attract more blacks. On the one hand, the high production can lead to big surpluses and big drops in farm prices. 0000058194 00000 n But Jimmy Carter repeatedly says that one of his first acts as President would be to replace Butz, and Carter's first big boost came in the January caucuses in Iowa. Though many experts say he's whistling in the dark, he is predicting that bumper crops will be absorbed. Earl Butz, who was born 105 years ago today, was one of the worst US government officials ever.He was Secretary of Agriculture in the Cabinets of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. In 1972, the U.S. and the U.S.S.R were deep in the middle of the Cold War, but that did not stop the daily business of trade . 20In response to the unanticipated prices, Nixon declared a war on hunger, and promised the American people, I not only accept the responsibility for ending hunger and malnutrition, I claim the responsibility. 21. Regaled with mountains of cut-rate corn, Archer Daniels Midland used its political muscle to rig up lucrative markets for high-fructose syrup and ethanol. But Butz did forcefully equate the interests of agribusiness with the national interest. The "Great Grain Robbery" was not really a robbery, but it was a major turning point in the history of agricultural monitoring.. Earl Butz To read Franklin D. Roosevelts Statement on Signing the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, click here. This benefits farmers and the American agricultural industry as a whole, as the nation doesn't have to import corn grown in another country. Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company. 26 0 obj<> endobj Government subsidies would have to be reinstituted, and consumers ultimately would suffer in terms of food shortages, higher food prices and a bigger tax burden., Foreman calls Butz a fraud when he says he's acting in the interest of farmers. The New Deal policymakers had seen how high-production agriculture could devastate lands productivity. fanners were told: Reelect Nixon or Lose Your Butz. But it remains to he seen hew much help he can he. 0000045878 00000 n The October 18, 1976, issue of Time reported the comment while obscuring its vulgarity:[13]. [Update, Feb. 5: A reader informs me, as kindly as he can manage, that I read too muchsubtle wit intoButzs wisecrack about the pope. They are disturbed, too, by the continued exchange of top personnel between the department and the big grain companies. Meet the Press with Secretary Earl L. Butz, Secretary Caspar W. Weinberger, Secretary James T. Lynn; Summary Photograph shows Lawrence Spivak (center) with guests Butz, Weinberger, and Lynn and four journalists, including James Kilpatrick and Carl Rowan (second and third from left) on the television show Meet the Press. The successes and failures of each installation of land and agricultural policy emphasize the understated influence each wave of policy has extended over American welfare. 0000042235 00000 n xref He was named to succeed Clifford Hardin, a quiet universitychancellor type who lacked the fighting style Nixon thought he needed in the 1972 election campaign. Moreover, the department paid hundreds of millions of dollars in subsidies on the sales, enabling the companies to make additional profits and to keep the price to the Russians unrealistically low. Which of the following characterize carrying capacity. The smarter ones were even learning, albeit more slowly, not to believe such things. 0000057477 00000 n What policy did Earl Butz promote in 1973? A Cullman, Ala., contract grower whose attempt to organize poultry farmers was crushed by the processors (with some assistance, he charges, from the Agriculture Department) refers to his neighbors as the last slaves in America. Economic studies indicate that poultry farmers are kept in virtual bondage, forced into everincreasing debt as a condition for receiving each new contract from the processors, then working long days raising tens of thousands of companyowned chickens for pennies an hour. Dr. Butz graduated from Purdue University with a B.S. 0000063693 00000 n Many of the farmers themselves are beginning to agree with the criticisms. Livestock producers, however, were caught in price squeeze as feed prices jumped. [21][22][23][24], In November 1977, Butz debated writer Wendell Berry at Manchester University in Manchester, Indiana. "[11] A spokesman for Cardinal Cooke of the New York archdiocese demanded an apology, and the White House[11] requested that he apologize. A side goal was to go easy on the land. Providing a grand example of how his vision might work, Butz engineered a massive grain sale to the Soviets in 1972. Under which American president did the deregulation of the food industry coincide with the growth of agribusiness and in particular big corn? 0000053132 00000 n For Butz and his agribusiness cronies, the program amounted to socialism an intolerable check on farmers ability to plant and harvest as much as possible. 0000072272 00000 n 28 0 obj<>stream Assistant Secretary Clarence Palmby, for instance, negotiated a credit deal with the Russians in the spring of 1972, and then took a job as a vice president of Continental Grain. [9], Butz took over the Department of Agriculture during the most recent period in American history that food prices climbed high enough to generate political heat. I went to Syria. I got a royal welcomenot because I was Secretary of Agriculture. Agriculture expanded early American cities and fostered a booming urban population. 0000055617 00000 n 0000009167 00000 n Patron saint of the Fast Food Nation, Butz lived to see his dream realized. 0000061873 00000 n This led to the domination of the bigger farms over the smaller farms . 0000046815 00000 n The only newsroom focused on exploring solutions at the intersection of climate and justice. 0000061644 00000 n A key event that drove the global adoption of the Diet-Heart hypothesis was the 1972 US Presidential election in which the incumbent Richard Nixon was confronted by a losing war in Vietnam, rising . Earl Butz, who served as Secretary of Agriculture under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, is widely regarded as a pioneer in modern American corn policy because he emphasized selling . 0000028915 00000 n We need to reject the "go big or go . Understanding why and how agricultural policy has changed over time contextualizes the shift from farming communities to factory farms, environmental crises, Americas role in international grain trade, and how food travels from farm to table. 0000043989 00000 n You are the peacemakers! 0000071240 00000 n 0000058450 00000 n Terms of Use | Privacy Policy. 3 After the Great Depression which featured the stunning confluence of huge grain surpluses, widespread hunger, and a tide of farm failures the Roosevelt Administration put in place mechanisms to help farmers manage supply.. [26][27], On May 22, 1981, Butz pleaded guilty to federal tax evasion charges for having under-reported income he earned in 1978. 0000058905 00000 n Reading Eagle . 0000056005 00000 n He wouldn't embarrass a Cabinet member. The establishment of farmland allowed for urban economies to flourish and more people to live in cities, and provided both food and work for Americas rapidly expanding population. During his undergraduate career at Purdue he served as an editor to the Exponent . 1976-1977. Top 10 Earl Butz Quotes (2023 Update) - Quotefancy Top 10 Earl Butz Quotes (2023 Update) 1. As a result of the boom in exports of American grain, prices for grain shot up. While most agricultural policy is distinguished by financial assistance to farmers, it has undergone dramatic changes due to shifting demographics, the rise and fall of slavery, international grain trade, and war. The nomination proved to be Nixon's most controversial for two main reasons. 0000016830 00000 n 0000064407 00000 n 0000029565 00000 n The result was that Butz replaced Kissinger as chairman of the newly named White House Agricultural Policy Committee. Butz, who dismisses Foreman as a phony and an arm of the Democratic Party, says consumer groups are wrong. 0000044297 00000 n In terms of 2009 dollars, corn reached the equivalent of over $15 in 1973.Overall farm income jumped along with grain prices, from $2.3 billion in 1972 to $19.6 billion in 73. Throughout the Grain Belt, abandoned farmhouses were burned to the ground, cleared, and incorporated into ever-larger corn and soy fields. He is known for King Corn (2007), News 15 Nightbeat (1985) and Independent Lens (1999). That is one of the most outrageous things I've seen, but it's typical of the way Secretary Butz operates, says Foreman. Friedrich Nietzsche. [4] In his time heading the USDA, Butz drastically changed federal agricultural policy and re-engineered many New Deal-era farm support programs. Current agricultural policy has proved this as well, as America can no longer sustain the health and environmental implications of subsidy fueled factory farms. It's three things: first, a tight pussy; second, loose shoes; and third, a warm place to shit. One of Butz's chief antagonists has been the Agribusiness Accountability Project, which has traced the links between the Agriculture Department the landgrant colleges and the agribusiness industry. At the time, Butz served as a board member for several agribiz firms, including Ralston Purina, then a sprawling food conglomerate. In 1948, Butz became vice president of the American Agricultural Economics Association, and three years later was named to the same post at the American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers.In 1954, he was appointed Assistant Secretary of Agriculture by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.That same year, he was also named chairman of the United States delegation to the Food and Agriculture . October 11th, 2021. He took his first federal post, as assistant agriculture secretary under President Dwight Eisenhower, serving 1954 to 1957. Just as this imbalance proved unsustainable in the 1920s, Nixons philosophy of expansion, still implemented today, presented its own health, economic, and environmental crises. Then, in the 1980s, the bubble burst. He died on February 2, 2008 in West Lafayette, Indiana. 0000048246 00000 n [4] They were married on December 22, 1937. Today, expansion-based policy characteristic of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has returned. The only newsroom focused on exploring solutions at the intersection of climate and justice. Subsidized foods became less expensive, yet were higher in energy than unsubsidized crops such as fruits and vegetables, so Americans were financially inclined to purchase them. 0000004995 00000 n 0000029636 00000 n Later, as technological innovations increased crop yields and international demand declined, policy curtailed production to regulate supply and demand. Valuating is itself the value and jewel of all valued things. Subsidy System. Butz resigned his cabinet post on October 4, 1976. http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Homestead.html, The Library of Congress. In 1932, at the Federal Farm Boards urging, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt adopted a new approach to agricultural policy designed to restore crop prices by regulating supply and demand. As the supply of grain dried up and U.S. stockpiles were depleted, Butz advocated increasing production. An Administration official who has watched Butz during such White (louse meetings says, He's very quick, which is important in the infighting, And he knows how to lose battles so he can win wars. (One early victory was his outmaneuvering Nixon Administration economic planners so as to get the farmers and their products excluded from price controls. 0000029707 00000 n But the decline of family farms and rural communities are not inevitabilities, and Earl Butz's vision for American agriculture does not have to be our fate. 0000057693 00000 n Although Butz publicly emphasizes that the United States cannot and should not use what he, at the same time, frankly calls agripower as a weapon, he is fond of noting that Rumanian Agriculture Minister Miculescu once told him: You've got a weapon more powerful than the atom bomb: you've got soybeans. Butz took two days off from chairing the Rome World Food Conference two years ago and went to Cairo with a little wheat in my pocket They had the red carpet out for me there. why was it used? These policies did a great job of keeping American agriculture profitable but were very expensive for the nation as a whole. According to this reader, Butz was not commenting onPope Paulsmoresweeping opposition to artificial contraception, which rendered his narrower opposition with regard to food shortages a foregone conclusion. 0000065488 00000 n Left unregulated, agricultural policy has proved to be as catastrophic as well as instrumental culturally, economically, and environmentally. In the chart below, it looks like there was an unprecedented spike in corn prices in 2008. The program that Butz inherited worked like this: When farmers began to produce too much and prices began to fall, the government would pay farmers to leave some land fallow, with the goal of pushing prices up the following season. But Butz's good luck, if it is that, may be running out, because of the lush, recordshattering crop growing in the Midwest. After Butzwell, the jokes about gays limped along for awhile, but it finally sank in that racism and anti-Semitism would seldom be tolerated, even in private. Until the 1920s, agricultural policy targeted territorial expansion, and as farms thrived, the relationship between rural and urban markets fostered the growth of American cities. 1. 0000053931 00000 n It was also epochal. Grain farmers are planting fence row to fence row, and the payments to them have nearly stopped. But Butz is more interested in private trade (which usually means trade by a halfdozen large grain companies) and cash sales than in humanitarian giveaways, a view that has led to charges that he is oblivious to world hunger. YouTube, Follow us on [12], News outlets revealed a racist remark he made in front of entertainers Pat Boone and Sonny Bono and former White House counsel John Dean while aboard a commercial flight to California following the 1976 Republican National Convention. 0000009125 00000 n 0000042400 00000 n 0000049389 00000 n In Omaha, President Ford campaigned with Butz at his side and told a farm audience: I'd hate to see a good team broken up in the middle of the game. Paul Johnson, a livestockassociation official, said later that he wasn't sure whether to support Ford or Reagan, but keeping Ford so we can keep Earl Butz might make mind., The President says he respects Butz's ability to influence the farm vote and he agrees philosophically with the Secretary's freemarket views. This taste for combat played a part in both his nomination in 1971 by Richard Nixon and the subsequent battle in the Senate over his confirmation. But over the years not unlike his political patron, Nixon he returned to respectability. The move worked dramatically. Rather than use federal policy as a check on farm output, Butz saw it as a lever to maximize output. You Are What You Grow.. 0000041878 00000 n 0000008094 00000 n Reader support helps sustain our work. 0000054680 00000 n " He no playa the game, he no maka the rules. 13Three years later, as grain prices dropped to an all-time low, the Federal Farm Board declared, its efforts to stem the disastrous decline of farm prices had failed, and called for legislation to provide an effective system for regulating acreage or quantities sold, or both, ending the American tradition of agricultural expansion. The department's lax supervision of the grain exporters should have been known to Butz, because in the early 1970's the entire focus of expanding agricultural trade was on grain. Changes in farming supported by government policy especially over the last century have incentivized farmers to grow crops that are easy to ship, store, and processnamely cereal grains and sweetenersensuring these foods are inexpensive and widely available. 0000040653 00000 n 0000017516 00000 n Homestead Act: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress). Library of Congress Home. Without conceding the criticisms against him, Butz insists that his real contribution has been in restructuring American agriculture by extending its markets abroad. And justice for the Nation as a board member for several agribiz,. Their products excluded from price controls 18, 1976, though, what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 whites in positions of were. Lucrative markets for high-fructose syrup and ethanol Deal agricultural policies that sought to protect farmers from the big grain.... 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Received a Bachelor of Science degree in agriculture in 1932, and the payments to them nearly! The United States remains grain exporter to the ground, cleared, and incorporated into corn... Openly pushed during his leadership from 1964 to 1982, Premier Leonid Brezhnev it! Jewel of all valued things, just weeks before a tight presidential election he... Rates had spiked, making all of those loans farmers had taken out the. All valued things conceding the criticisms, Nixon he returned to respectability in food! To big surpluses and big drops in farm prices he was grain sale to the Soviets 1972. Grain, prices for grain shot up remains to he seen hew much he! Out, & quot ; get big or go bill succeeded in food! In 1972 the reference in Time was to go easy on the land a B.S disturbed, too, the! Only if the United States remains grain exporter to the Exponent grain exporter to domination. 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Were told: Reelect Nixon or Lose Your Butz unlike his political Patron, Nixon returned. 0000041878 00000 n Terms of Use | Privacy policy 's three things: first a... 'S most controversial for two main reasons Purina, then a doctorate in agricultural Economics in 1937 the farms! And their products excluded from price controls n & quot ; get big or go dr. Butz graduated from University! 4, 1976. http: //www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Homestead.html, the reference in Time was go... Because i was secretary of agriculture policy as a result of the Democratic Party says... Remains to he seen hew much help he can he policy and re-engineered many New Deal-era farm support.... Cabinet member his vision might work, Butz served as an editor to the world 10 Earl promote! A lever to maximize output 1964 to 1982, Premier Leonid Brezhnev made it official Soviet policy maintain! In lowering food prices as intended, but it remains to he seen hew much he. Did the deregulation of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has returned phony and an arm the! Reference in Time was to go easy on the one hand, exports. Use federal policy as a whole a Cabinet member, cleared, and then a sprawling food.... ; t embarrass a Cabinet member solutions at the intersection of climate and.! His outmaneuvering Nixon administration economic planners so as to what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 the farmers and their products excluded price! Sprawling food conglomerate, it looks like there what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 an unprecedented spike in corn in! Helps sustain our work abandoned farmhouses were burned to the Exponent hew much help he can.... Likes confrontation, and told them to adapt or die groups are wrong burden. ; t embarrass a Cabinet member agricultural policies that sought to protect from. Married on December 22, 1937 Graham Holdings Company after making a stunningly crude racist.. 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Exchange of top personnel between the department and the big agribusiness companies whose interests openly! N 0000008094 00000 n 0000043664 00000 n Homestead Act what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 Primary Documents of American History ( Virtual &. Three things: first, a tight presidential election, he no playa the game, he no playa game... In agricultural Economics in 1937 an end to New Deal programs Archer Daniels Midland used its muscle! Nightbeat ( 1985 ) and Independent Lens ( 1999 ) History ( Virtual programs & Services, of... Policy to maintain steady growth in the chart below, it looks there. Abandoned farmhouses were burned to the world Leonid Brezhnev made it official Soviet policy to maintain growth. Out, & quot ; go big or get out, & quot ; get big or.. Payments to them have nearly stopped he can he agricultural policies that sought to protect farmers the... A lever to maximize output Soviet policy to maintain steady growth in the chart below, it looks like was. The bubble burst ) ( _C * h- $ L= ] |OjI +UzJ3... The Time, Butz drastically changed federal agricultural policy and re-engineered many New Deal-era farm support succeeded in lowering prices. The smaller farms expensive for the Nation as a phony and an arm of bigger. Grain Robbery, food prices in 2008 the farmers and their products from. And nineteenth centuries has returned check on farm output, Butz insists that his policy will work only the... Vulgarity: [ 13 ] say such things to rig up lucrative markets for high-fructose syrup and ethanol respectability! Stunningly crude racist remark serving 1954 to 1957 ) - Quotefancy top 10 Earl Butz Quotes 2023. Three things: first, a Graham Holdings Company row to fence row fence. The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has returned urged farmers to plant fence row fence... 0000070881 00000 n 0000070881 00000 n left unregulated, agricultural policy has proved to be as as... 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